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  Black pepper  ( Piper nigrum ) is a  flowering   vine  in the family  Piperaceae , cultivated for its  fruit  (the  peppercorn ), which is usually dried and used as a  spice  and  seasoning . The fruit is a  drupe  (stonefruit) which is about 5 mm (0.20 in) in diameter (fresh and fully mature), dark red, and contains a  stone  which encloses a single pepper  seed . Peppercorns and the ground pepper derived from them may be described simply as  pepper , or more precisely as  black pepper  (cooked and dried unripe fruit),  green pepper  (dried unripe fruit), or  white pepper  (ripe fruit seeds). Black pepper is native to the  Malabar Coast [3] [4]  of  India , and the  Malabar pepper  is extensively cultivated there and in other  tropical  regions. Ground, dried, and cooked peppercorns have been used since antiquity, bot...